Key Compliance Requirements for Liaison Office in India

A Liaison Office (LO) is set up to represent the parent company in India and work as a channel of communication between the parent/ foreign company and business entities in India.
After LO has received an approval for establishment from AD Category –I Bank as per guidelines of Reserve Bank of India (RBI), it will be subject to following compliance requirements:

Key Points:

A. Compliance under Companies Act, 2013 read with allied Rules
B. Compliance under FEMA Regulations

C. Compliance under Income Tax Act, 1961
D. Compliance under Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

A. Compliance under Companies Act, 2013 read with allied Rules

1. Registration with Ministry of Corporate Affairs [Section 380]

Every foreign company establishing its LO in India is required to register itself with Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) by filing Form FC-1 within a period of thirty days of the establishment of LO. List of documents and details required to be submitted along with Form FC-1 include:

1. Certified true copy of the charter, statues or memorandum and articles of the foreign company or other instrument constituting or defining the constitution of the company (with translation of the document in English, in case the instrument is not in English language)
2. List of directors and secretary of the foreign company
3. Power of attorney or board resolution in favour of authorized representative in India
4. RBI approval letter
5. Declaration that none of the directors of the company or the authorised representative in India has ever been convicted or debarred from formation of companies and management in India or abroad
6. Complete address of registered or principal office

2. Preparation and filing of Financial Statement [Section 381]

The foreign company shall prepare Financial Statement i.e. Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss account of its LO in India in accordance with Schedule III or as near thereto as may be possible for each financial year. A copy of such Financial Statement shall be filed with the Registrar of Companies in Form FC-3 within a period of six months of the close of the every financial year of the foreign company. Along with Financial Statement, in Form FC-3, a list of all the places of business established by the foreign company in India as on the date of Balance Sheet is required to be submitted with the Registrar.

3. Audit of accounts [Rule 5 of the Companies (Registration of Foreign Companies) Rules, 2014]

Every foreign company shall get its accounts, pertaining to the LO audited by a practicing Chartered Accountant in India or a firm or limited liability partnership of practicing chartered accountants.

4.Filing of Annual Return [Rule 7 of the Companies (Registration of Foreign Companies) Rules, 2014]

Every foreign company shall prepare and file annual return of its LO within a period of sixty days from the last day of its financial year with the Registrar in Form FC-4.

B. Compliances under FEMA Regulations

1. Foreign Liabilities and Assets (FLA) Return

Every Liaison Office is required to file FLA return on or before July 15 of each year, if any foreign assets or foreign liabilities are outstanding as on reporting date.

2. Annual Activity Certificate (AAC)

Every LO is required to file Annual Activity Certificate as at March 31 each year with the designated AD Category -I bank as well as Director General of Income Tax (International Taxation), New Delhi.

C. Compliance under Income Tax Act, 1961

1. Obtaining Permanent Account Number (PAN)

A LO must obtain PAN from Income Tax Authorities

2. Statutory Audit

Financials are liable for Statutory Audit by a Chartered Accountant

3. Filing of Income Tax Return

A Liaison Office registered and operating in India is treated as a foreign company and is accordingly liable to file Income Tax return every year under Section 139(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961.

4. Tax Audit of accounts

D. Compliances under Goods and Services Tax (GST) Act, 2017

Payment of tax and filing of return having summary of outwards supplies, tax credits etc (for the person other than who opted QRMP scheme)

* QRMP Scheme: The Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs (CBIC) introduced the Quarterly Return Filing and Monthly Payment of Taxes (QRMP) scheme under Goods and Services Tax (GST) to help small taxpayers whose turnover is less than Rs.5 crores. The QRMP scheme allows the taxpayers to file GSTR-3B on a quarterly basis and pay tax every month.

These are broad compliances which need to be ensured by a foreign company establishing its Liaison Office Registration in India. However, there may be some additional compliance required under different laws depending upon industry, nature of business and other factors. The list may not be exhaustive and subject to vary with various amendments in relevant laws, accordingly it is advisable to take professional opinion before acting upon the same.

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Key points to be kept in mind while choosing the name for a company

Name of a company is what differentiates a company from others and it builds the image of the Company. For reservation of name, Form RUN is required to be filed with the Registrar of Companies (Registrar/ RoC).

In general, name of a company is divided into three parts:
[Trade Name] + [Object to be pursued by the Company on its incorporation] + [Limited/ Private Limited]

For Example:
HCL + Technologies + Limited [Trade Name] [Business Activity] [Business Structure]

• The name must not be identical with the name of an existing company or a Limited Liability Partnership (LLP);
• The name must reflect the business activity of the company;
• The name should not be offensive under any law;
• The name should not be undesirable in the opinion of Central Government;
• The proposed name should not be identical with the name of a company that has been dissolved for a period of two years from the date of such dissolution;
• The proposed name should not be identical with the name of a company that has been struck off for a period of twenty years from the date of publication in the Official Gazette of the notice of being struck off;
• The name shall not be identical with the name of a LLP in liquidation or the name of a LLP which is struck off up to a period of five years;
• The name should be in line with the provisions of the Companies (Incorporation) Rules, 2014 [as amended from time to time]

For detailed provisions on reservation of name Click Here